Judith Moeller (tegether with Michael Hameleers) wrote a report for the German media authorities on types of disinformation and misinformation from a communication scientific and legal perspective . In this report, the authors argue that types of dis- and misinformation can be sorted along the dimensions of intent and deviation from facticity, and many of the risks are associated with the way disinformation is disseminated. They conclude that ultimately the best response to disinformation is information. Anything offsetting the balance between the two is a risk to democratic opinion formation processes.
The full report (in German) is now available via this link: https://www.die-medienanstalten.de/fileadmin/user_upload/die_medienanstalten/Publikationen/Weitere_Veroeffentlichungen/GVK_Gutachten_v07_final.pdf